First Generation (2012–2014)
Battery Options:
- 40 kWh (software-limited 60)
- 60 kWh
- 85 kWh
- P85 (Performance variant)
Notes:
- Early RWD - only models
- 40 kWh unlockable to 60 kWh
- 85 kWh packs known for longevity
Autopilot 1 Era (2014–2016)
Battery Options:
- 60 kWh
- 70 / 70D
- 85 / P85 / P85D
- 90 / 90D / P90D
Notes:
- Introduction of dual-motor AWD (D models)
- 90 kWh packs degraded fastest of all Model S packs
2016–2019 REFRESH (NOSECONE DELETE)
Battery Options:
- 75 / 75D
- 90 / 90D / P90D
- 100 / 100D / P100D
Notes:
- P100D brought Ludicrous acceleration
- 100 kWh became the most reliable pack
2019–2021 Period
Battery Options:
- Standard Range (software-limited 75 kWh)
- 100 kWh Long Range
- 100 kWh Performance
Notes:
- Tesla simplified lineup
- Every model now used a 100 kWh battery
Palladium Refresh (2021–2025)
Battery Options:
- Long Range — 100+ kWh
- Plaid — 100+ kWh (Tri-motor)
Notes:
- 18650 cell architecture retained
- New thermal system & module design
Battery Compatibility Guide
Direct Upgrade Paths:
- 60 → 85 / 90 / 100
- 70 / 75 → 100
- 85 / 90 → 100
Performance Upgrade Paths:
- P85 / P90D → P100D (case-by-case)
Compatibility Notes:
- 2012–2013 cars may need harness adapters
- 2021+ Palladium packs do NOT retrofit into older models
- 40 kWh cars require software unlock for upgrades
Summary Table: Model S Battery Sizes (2012–2025)
| Years | Models / Versions |
|---|---|
| 2012–2014 | 40*, 60, 85 |
| 2014–2016 | 60, 70, 85, 90 |
| 2016–2019 | 75, 90, 100 |
| 2019–2021 | 75*, 100 |
| 2021–2025 | 100+ (Long Range & Plaid) |
(* = software-limited packs)